EACS-2016. Book of Abstracts

21st Biennial Conference of the European Association for Chinese Studies 197 Afonaseva Alina (Institute of Far Eastern Studies, RAS) Overseas Chinese Business in Southeast Asia in Modern Times Key words: Overseas Chinese, China, Southeast Asia, business, capital In the early 2010s the total amount of overseas Chinese capital was about $5 trillion, $2 trillion of which was located in Southeast Asian countries. Overseas Chinese capital includes the assets of local overseas Chinese entrepreneurs (permanently residents in Southeast Asian countries), investments from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. The report focuses on the analyses of small, medium and large overseas Chinese enterprises (including large Banks owned by overseas Chinese) in five major Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines). The author estimate industrial structure of overseas Chinese companies in comparison with local and western companies in these five countries. Report gives statistical data on the investment flows from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China to the major five countries in Southeast Asia. It also gives some information about overseas Chinese business activities in other Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Brunei). The Author try to make a conclusion about Southeast Asian countries economic reliance on overseas Chinese capital, about the role of overseas Chinese entrepreneurs in ASEAN-China trade and economic relations, and about the prospects of using overseas Chinese capital and ties in Southeast Asian countries as a resources to promote China’s mega-project “Maritime Silk Road of the 21st century”. Bazhenova Elena (Institute for Far Eastern Studies, RAS) New Aspects of Population Policy in China: Transition to“Two-children Family” Pattern Key words: population, economic development, family planning, economic reform The main realities of modern China are huge population and a shortage of nature resources. From demo- graphic point of view China is a unique country, its enormous population exerts constant pressure upon economic, social and ecological situation. That is why optimization of population reproduction and strict control over population growth were basic features of population policy. Overpopulation has posed tremendous challenge for economic development in China. Confronted by the world's largest population, China has a very limited living environment. Because of the huge population base and the incredible annual increase, China has been advocating one child for each couple since 1980s in order to control over the size of rapidly growing population. But “one-child family” policy had some negative consequences: population aging, changes of age-sex structure, shortage of labor force in coastal provinces of China. In order to improve the situation the Chinese government took a decision to soften family planning policy and to make a transition to “two-children family” policy since 2016. Chinese demographers consider that in the period of the 13-th Five Year Plan (2016–2020) a share of economically active population will be decreasing, and China will have to change the pattern of its develop- ment at the expense of unskilled labor force from rural areas to the increase of labor productivity; to make a transition to from extensive to intensive type of production, innovative economy. It will be a key point for solving main problems: the decrease of a share of economically active population and population aging;