EACS-2016. Book of Abstracts

Politics & International Relations 21st Biennial Conference of the European Association for Chinese Studies 168 as well as obstacles. The intention is to evaluate whether their bilateral trade is efficient or not and if there is uneven development on the trade between China and different Portuguese Speaking Countries and the underlining reasons. Given these results, it is possible to judge if the trade between China and Portuguese Speaking Countries is an emerging flow with strong potential. It allows us to conclude whether the construc- tion of a west-bound Maritime Silk Road as proposed above is economically justified or not. Furthermore, Macau being one of the gateways of the Maritime Silk Road in East Asia, and the platform for the economic cooperation between China and Portuguese Speaking Countries, the question of whether the territory has the potential to play a more active role to promote trade and other economic cooperation between the two sides, supporting the development of this west-bound Maritime Silk Road will be studied. Lien Hong-yi (National Chengchi University) Chinese Foreign Policy toward Central Asian Nations and Russian Response Key words: “One belt, one road”, Eurasian Economic Union, Sino-Russian Relationship, Central Asian Nations, Chinese Foreign Policy Chinese president Xi Jinping initiated the concept of “One belt, one road” in 2013. “One belt” route leads to Europe from ChineseWestern city Xian via Xinjiang, Central Asian Nations, and Russia. Moreover, when Russian president Vladimir Putin went to power in second time in 2012, he proposed concept “Eurasian Economic Union”, planning to attract Central Asian Nations into this Union, and formally established at the beginning day of 2015. Central Asian region is covered by these two magnificent plans. Unavoidably, China and Russia will compete in this region, but they also understand that they are complementary to each other, not only in the field of sharing mutual resource, but in the field of advocating their opinions in the international arena. Facing political superiority from Soviet Union’s inheritor-Russia, and economic superiority from East- ern neighboring nation-China, Central Asian nations ever considered to bring in third party Power outside this region to counter these two neighboring nations. By assistance from Russia, Central Asian nations maintained good relations with U.S. under the leadership of U.S. President George W. Bush anti-terrorism movement. When “Color Revolution” happened in Kyrgyzstan in 2005, these Central Asian nations, sens- ing Western-style democratic thought infiltrating into their nations, broke down military cooperation with U.S. and suspended NGO to station in their nations. This paper combines these two significant issues, including the following questions: is there any contra- diction or conflict between these two magnificent plans proposed by China and Russia, respectively. Tight cooperation between Russia and China becomes normal, and these two nations know that they need each other. At the same time, what’s attitude of Central Asian nations’ about requesting cooperation from these two neighboring nations? What are their opinions about bringing in third party Power from outside of of this region? Martín Rodríguez Rafael (Univesity of Alcalá) Spain and China (1972): the Difficulties of a Difficult Diplomatic Recognition Key words: China, Spain, Mao, Franco, international relations 1972 is the year in which the Spain of Franco and Mao's China produced an agreement on who would carry out exchange of ambassadors. The question for the Spanish policy was delicate, within the country was in the final stages of Franco's dictatorship and China being a communist country. The Franco regime was characterized by the defense of anti communism, but a young minister of foreign affairs (Lopez Bravo) and the new practic political forced a recognition of China. On the Chinese side, the recognition of Spain came to close its position in Europe but the policies of Spain features also created a difficult situation for the government of Mao. Already surpassed the stage of the Cultural Revolution, China opened to the world with a new policy approaches that would give security precisely from the capitalist countries. A strategy designed by Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping follow after.